Engineering Tools

Engineering Calculators

A toolbox of practical calculators for plant, hydraulic and maintenance work — instant results as you type. Use them for quick sizing checks, conversions and field estimates.

Cylinder Force Cylinder Speed Flow & Power Pipe Velocity Pressure Length & Distance Mass / Weight Temperature Torque Bolt Torque

Hydraulic Calculators

Hydraulic Cylinder Force

Calculate the extend and retract forces of a hydraulic cylinder based on its bore, rod diameter and system pressure.

Cylinder BoreInside diameter of the cylinder barrel

Rod DiameterOutside diameter of the piston rod

Working PressureSystem operating pressure

bar

Push (Extend)

164.93 kN

≈ 16.82 tonnes-force

Pull (Retract)

131.53 kN

≈ 13.41 tonnes-force

Theoretical only — excludes seal friction & efficiency losses (typically 5–10%).

Hydraulic Cylinder Speed

Calculate how fast a cylinder will extend and retract based on pump flow rate and cylinder dimensions.

Cylinder BoreBarrel inside diameter

Rod DiameterPiston rod outside diameter

Flow RateVolumetric flow delivered to the cylinder

L/min

Extend Speed

84.88 mm/s

≈ 5.09 m/min

Retract Speed

106.44 mm/s

≈ 6.39 m/min

Retract is faster because the rod reduces the effective annulus area.

Hydraulic Flow & Power

Estimate the hydraulic power required for your system.

PressureSystem working pressure

bar

Flow RatePump output flow

L/min

Overall EfficiencyCombined volumetric × mechanical efficiency (typ. 80–90%)

Hydraulic Power Out

14.00 kW

≈ 18.77 HP

Required Input Power

16.47 kW

At 85% overall efficiency

Formula: Power (kW) = Pressure (bar) × Flow (L/min) / 600

Pipe / Tube Flow Velocity

Check fluid velocity in hydraulic lines. Recommended max: 2–4 m/s pressure lines, 1–2 m/s suction/return lines.

Pipe Inner DiameterInternal bore of the pipe or tube (not OD)

Flow Rate (L/min)Volumetric flow through the line

L/min

Flow Velocity

1.358 m/s

≈ 4.456 ft/s

Within typical hydraulic pressure-line range (2–5 m/s).

Unit Converters

Pressure Converter

Convert pressure units used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

ValuePressure value to convert

From

psi

1,450.3774 psi

kPa

10,000.0000 kPa

MPa

10.0000 MPa

Length & Distance Converter

Convert between metric and imperial length units common in mechanical and fabrication work.

ValueLength or distance to convert

From

1,000.0000 mm

100.0000 cm

0.0010 km

39.3701 in

3.2808 ft

1.0936 yd

0.0006 mi

Mass & Weight Converter

Convert mass and weight units for load and lifting calculations.

ValueMass or weight to convert

From

1,000.0000 g

tonne (metric)

0.0010 tonne (metric)

35.2740 oz

2.2046 lb

ton (short / US)

0.0011 ton (short / US)

ton (long / UK)

0.0010 ton (long / UK)

Temperature Converter

Convert temperatures for equipment operating ranges, fluid specs and environmental conditions.

TemperatureNumeric value to convert

From

Celsius

20.00 °C

Fahrenheit

68.00 °F

Kelvin

293.15 K

Mechanical Calculators

Torque Calculator

Calculate torque from a force applied at a given distance — useful for bolt tightening, actuator sizing and mechanical advantage calculations.

Applied ForceForce applied perpendicular to the lever arm

Force Unit

Lever Arm LengthDistance from pivot point to where the force is applied

Distance Unit

Torque Output Unit

Torque

100.00 N·m

≈ 73.76 lbf·ft

Bolt Torque & Clamp Load

Estimate tightening torque and clamp load for common metric bolts. Always verify against manufacturer specifications and site procedures.

Bolt Size

Bolt Grade

Friction Coefficient (K)Typical values: 0.12–0.15 for lubricated, 0.17–0.20 for dry unlubricated fasteners

Applied TorqueTorque applied to the fastener

N·m

Clamp Load

79.17 kN

≈ 8.07 tonnes-force

Estimated Clamp Load

79.17 kN

≈ 17.80 kip

Recommended Torque

163.91 N·m

Grade 8.8 · Preload 68.30 kN · ≈ 120.89 lbf·ft

Short-form approximation only. For critical joints use the manufacturer's torque chart or a calibrated method (angle / yield / stretch).

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These calculators are provided as a guide only. Always verify critical calculations with a qualified engineer before implementation.